Develop a custom library

Develop a custom library project that will be used in a Bonita project and mutualize advanced business rules capabilities.

Why should I develop a custom library?

  • To extract advanced logic from processes script expressions

  • To be able to use standard technology to automate testing for this logic

  • To be able to reuse and share this logic between several processes and Bonita projects.

  • To better manage my library dependencies

Initialize the project

In the below example we use Maven as the project build tool, but it is also possible to use Gradle if it is the tool of your choice.

The example will externalize a function used in the Define who can do what article.

Choose your preferred tools

You are free to choose the IDE of your choice to develop your library (Eclipse IDE, IntelliJ IDEA, VS Code…​). You can also choose between Java 11 or Groovy 3 as target programming language. The following example will use Java and Maven, but other options are possible.

To follow this tutorial you will need to install:

An Internet connection with access to Maven Central is required.

Basic setup

Create a new folder on your file system, and call it bonita-extension-library. At the root of this folder create a pom.xml file.

pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.bonitasoft.extension</groupId> (1)
    <artifactId>bonita-extension-library</artifactId> (1)
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>Bonita extension function library</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

</project>
1 You may choose your own groupId and artifactId

Integration with Bonita

Add the Runtime BOM

This library will be executed in the Bonita Runtime that already comes with provided dependencies in its class-path. To avoid dependencies conflicts between our custom library and the Bonita Runtime, we can use a Bill Of Material (BOM).

First, we need to define the target Bonita runtime version. You must use the technical id as version. Add a bonita-runtime.version property in the properties section of the pom.xml:

<properties>
    ...
    <bonita-runtime.version>9.0.0</bonita-runtime.version>
</properties>

Then, we can import the BOM artifact in the dependencyManagement section of the pom.xml like this:

 <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.bonitasoft.runtime</groupId>
        <artifactId>bonita-runtime-bom</artifactId>
        <version>${bonita-runtime.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

Add the Bonita API

Add the bonita-common dependency in the dependencies section of the pom.xml like this:

<dependencyManagement>
   ...
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.bonitasoft.engine</groupId>
        <artifactId>bonita-common</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope> (1)
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
1 Here we must use the provided scope as this dependency is already in the class-path of the Bonita Runtime.

The dependency version is omitted here, as this dependency is imported by the BOM. To identify whether a dependency is already imported by a BOM you can run the effective-pom maven goal from the root of your project: mvn help:effective-pom

To trace what our logic is doing we will need a logging API. Bonita Runtime comes with slf4j-api. So we also add this provided dependency in our project.

<dependencyManagement>
   ...
</dependencyManagement>


<dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Implement the Business logic

In this example, we are going to code a function that retrieves the user who executed a task with a specific name in a given process instance.

Maven projects have a default folder structure to find source files to build:

  • Java sources are expected in the src/main/java folder

  • Java test sources are expected in the src/test/java folder

  • Resources are expected in the src/main/resources folder

  • Test resources are expected in the src/test/resources folder

Create a Users.java Java class as entry point for our function. This source must be in src/main/java folder. In addition, it must respect java package convention. So the file must be created in the src/main/java/org/bonitasoft/extension/ folder as org.bonitasoft.extension will be our class package.

src/main/java/org/bonitasoft/extension/Users.java
package org.bonitasoft.extension;

import org.bonitasoft.engine.api.APIAccessor;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.bpm.flownode.ArchivedHumanTaskInstance;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.bpm.flownode.ArchivedHumanTaskInstanceSearchDescriptor;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.exception.SearchException;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.search.SearchOptionsBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Users {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Users.class); (1)

    /**
     *
     * Retrieves the user id of the user who executed the given taskName in the given process instance
     *
     * @param apiAccessor, a {@link APIAccessor}
     * @param rootProcessInstanceId, the id of the root process instance
     * @param taskName, the name of the task
     * @return the id of the user who execute the task
     * @throws SearchException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when taskName is null or empty
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when apiAccessor is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when no task with taskName has been executed in the given rootProcessInstanceId
     */
    public static long getUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName(APIAccessor apiAccessor, (2)
            long rootProcessInstanceId,
            String taskName) throws SearchException {

        if(taskName == null || taskName.isBlank()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("taskName cannot be null or empty");
        }

        if(apiAccessor == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("apiAccessor cannot be null");
        }

        LOGGER.debug("Searching user who executed task {} in process instance {}", taskName, rootProcessInstanceId);

        var executedBy = apiAccessor.getProcessAPI()
                .searchArchivedHumanTasks(new SearchOptionsBuilder(0, 1)
                        .filter(ArchivedHumanTaskInstanceSearchDescriptor.PARENT_PROCESS_INSTANCE_ID,
                                rootProcessInstanceId)
                        .filter(ArchivedHumanTaskInstanceSearchDescriptor.NAME, taskName)
                        .filter(ArchivedHumanTaskInstanceSearchDescriptor.TERMINAL, true)
                        .done())
                .getResult().stream()
                .findFirst()
                .map(ArchivedHumanTaskInstance::getExecutedBy)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                        "No terminated task %s found in process instance %s", taskName, rootProcessInstanceId)));

        LOGGER.debug("User with id {} has executed task {} in process instance {}", executedBy, taskName, rootProcessInstanceId);

        return executedBy;

    }

    private Users() {
    }
}
1 Create a Logger to monitor the code execution
2 Use a public and static method to be called from a Script expression in a process.

Building the project

From a terminal, at the root of the project, run:

$ mvn package

It will package the bonita-extension-library-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar file in the target folder of the project. This file can be installed as a project extension in Bonita Studio using the Overview > Extensions > Add custom extension…​ > Other action. Select From file option, and browse to the bonita-extension-library-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar file. Click on Import.

You can now add this dependency in your process configuration, and call org.bonitasoft.extension.Users.getUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName(apiAccessor, rootProcessInstanceId, 'A task name') from a Script expression.

apiAccessor and rootProcessInstanceId are injected in the Script expression

Automated tests

Unit tests

Add and set up test dependencies in your project like this:

<properties>
    ...
    <junit-jupiter-engine.version>5.7.2</junit-jupiter-engine.version> (1)
    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version> (2)
    <mockito-core.version>3.11.2</mockito-core.version> (3)
    <logback-classic.version>1.2.5</logback-classic.version> (4)
</properties>


<dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
        <version>${junit-jupiter-engine.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId> (5)
        <version>${junit-jupiter-engine.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>${mockito-core.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>${logback-classic.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>
1 Junit Jupiter is the reference Java testing framework.
2 By default, Maven comes with base versions for its plug-ins. In order to properly works with Junit Jupiter, it is required to use a recent version of the maven-surefire-plugin.
3 Mockito is the reference Java mocking framework.
4 We’ll use Logback as the SL4J implementation for our tests
5 Additional Jupiter module to define parameterized tests

Create the Java test class UsersTest in the src/test/java/org/bonitasoft/extension folder.

src/test/java/org/bonitasoft/extension/UsersTest.java
package org.bonitasoft.extension;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import java.util.List;

import org.bonitasoft.engine.api.APIAccessor;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.bpm.flownode.ArchivedHumanTaskInstance;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.exception.SearchException;
import org.bonitasoft.engine.search.impl.SearchResultImpl;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.NullAndEmptySource;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
import org.mockito.Answers;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class UsersTest {

    @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS)
    APIAccessor apiAccessor;

    @Test
    void testGetUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName() throws SearchException {
        // Given
        var userId = 4L;
        var myTaskArchivedInstance = mock(ArchivedHumanTaskInstance.class);
        when(myTaskArchivedInstance.getExecutedBy()).thenReturn(userId);
        when(apiAccessor.getProcessAPI().searchArchivedHumanTasks(Mockito.any()))
                .thenReturn(new SearchResultImpl<>(1, List.of(myTaskArchivedInstance)));

        // When
        long userWhoExecutedTaskWithName = Users.getUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName(apiAccessor, 1L, "My task");

        // Then
        assertEquals(userWhoExecutedTaskWithName, userId);
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(strings = { " ", "Unknown task" })
    @NullAndEmptySource
    void testGetUserWhoExecutedTaskWithNameThrowsIllegalArgumentException(String taskName) throws SearchException {
        // Given
        when(apiAccessor.getProcessAPI().searchArchivedHumanTasks(Mockito.any()))
                .thenReturn(new SearchResultImpl<>(1, List.of()));

        // Expect
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                () -> Users.getUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName(apiAccessor, 1L, taskName));

    }

    @Test
    void testGetUserWhoExecutedTaskWithNameThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionWhenAPIAccessorIsNull() throws SearchException {
        // Expect
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                () -> Users.getUserWhoExecutedTaskWithName(null, 1L, "My Task"));

    }
}

The goal of this example is not to dig into Junit5 and Mockito. If you are curious about those frameworks, visit their documentation site.

You can check that the above test are passing by running the following command from the terminal:

$ mvn verify

Test coverage

Now that we have tests, an interesting metric to monitor is the code (or test) coverage. It represents the percentage of all the possible branches in code that are covered by our tests.

To compute this coverage, we will use Jacoco. Add the jacoco-maven-plugin to the project:

pom.xml
<properties>
    ...
    <jacoco-maven-plugin.version>0.8.7</jacoco-maven-plugin.version>
</properties>

...

<build>
    ...
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${jacoco-maven-plugin.version}</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                  <goals>
                    <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                  </goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                  <id>generate-code-coverage-report</id>
                  <phase>test</phase>
                  <goals>
                    <goal>report</goal>
                  </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

Re-run the following command:

$ mvn verify

It should build a coverage report in target/site/jacoco/index.html.

Source control and continuous delivery (Optional)

While optional, it is highly recommended to use a SCM to ease the collaboration around this project. You also want to use a Continuous Integration environment that will build and test your library as often as required. For the sake of this example we will use Git and GitHub but other options are available.

Git (Source Control Management)

Git is an advanced tool and we won’t dig too much into the detail of its usage. We will just see a few commands that get us going on GitHub.

Initialize the Git repository. From a terminal, at the root of your project, run:

$ git init

Create a .gitignore file at the root of your project:

gitignore
# Maven
target/
pom.xml.tag
pom.xml.releaseBackup
pom.xml.versionsBackup
pom.xml.next
release.properties
dependency-reduced-pom.xml
buildNumber.properties
.mvn/timing.properties
.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar

# Eclipse
.classpath
.project
.settings/

# Intellij
.idea/
*.iml
*.iws

# Mac
.DS_Store

Install Maven wrapper.

$ mvn -N io.takari:maven:0.7.7:wrapper

The Maven wrapper binds your project to specific embedded Maven version binary. We will use it later with GitHub actions.

Then create a git commit with those commands:

$ git add -A (1)
$ git commit -m "initialize the git repository" (2)
1 Add all (not ignored) modified/new files in the content staged for the next commit.
2 Create a commit with the given message

GitHub

You will need to create a GitHub account if you (or your company) does not already have one.

New GitHub repository

Create a new repository named bonita-extension-library. Choose the owner of the repository (you or another organization). For this example you can make the repository private. Click on Create repository.

Then back to your terminal, at the root of the project, you can push your repository to the GitHub remote like this:

$ git remote add origin git@github.com:<owner>/bonita-extension-library.git (1)
$ git branch -M main (2)
$ git push -u origin main (3)
1 Define a remote origin for the local copy of the repository
2 Create a branch named main from the current HEAD (Our initial commit)
3 Push the branch to the defined remote origin

If your refresh the GitHub project repository page (https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library) you should see your source code and single main branch.

Add a README.md

A highly recommended practice is to add a README.md file at the root of your project. This piece of documentation aims at helping other contributors quickly jump into the project. It should contain a small description of the purpose of the project, how to set up a development environment, and any kind of information that you consider relevant.

Here is an example of a README.md:

README.md
# Bonita extension library

![Build](https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library/workflows/build/badge.svg)
![Coverage](.github/badges/jacoco.svg)
[![License: GPL v2](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL%20v2-yellow.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.en.html)

This library provide a set of additional functions to deal with Bonita users.

## How to build

### Prerequisite

* You need to have a JDK 11 installed and configured in your PATH.
* You need a Git client to clone this repository.

1. Clone this repository

    ```shell
    $ git clone https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library.git
    ```

1. At the root of the repository run:

    ```shell
    $ ./mvnw verify
    ```
Add a License file

You can use the GitHub web interface to add an open source license file to your repository. In this example, we are adding a GPLv2 License.

Release management

The maven-release-plugin will help us automate the release process of our Maven project. To setup this plug-in, add the following configuration in the pom.xml:

pom.xml
<properties>
    ...
    <maven-release-plugin.version>2.5.3</maven-release-plugin.version>
</properties>

<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            ...
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-release-plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <tagNameFormat>v@{project.version}</tagNameFormat>
                    <indentSize>4</indentSize>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    ...
</build>

<scm>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library.git</developerConnection>
    <connection>scm:git:https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library.git</connection>
    <url>https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library</url>
</scm>

We will later define a GitHub action that triggers a release of our project using this plug-in.

GitHub actions

GitHub actions are a simple and free way of automating the build of our project. We can define workflows in our project and let GitHub run it on its infrastructure.

Build workflow

Create a .github/workflows/build.yml file:

github/workflows/build.yml
name: build

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:

  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
      - name: Cache Maven packages
        uses: actions/cache@v2.1.6
        with:
          path: ~/.m2
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-m2-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-m2

      - name: Setup Java
        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
        with:
          java-version: 11

      - name: Build
        run: ./mvnw -B -ntp clean verify

      - name: Generate JaCoCo Badge
        uses: cicirello/jacoco-badge-generator@v2.4.1
        with:
          generate-branches-badge: true

      - name: Commit and push the badge (if it changed)
        uses: EndBug/add-and-commit@v7
        with:
          default_author: github_actions
          message: 'commit badge'
          add: '*.svg'

Release workflow

Create a .github/workflows/release.yml file:

github/workflows/release.yml
name: Release

on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      version:
        description: 'The version of the release. Used as tag name.'
        required: true
        default: 'x.y.z'

jobs:
  build:
    name: Release pipeline
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: Setup Java
        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
        with:
          distribution: adopt
          java-version: 11
          server-id: github

      - name: Configure Git user
        run: |
          git config user.email "actions@github.com"
          git config user.name "GitHub Actions"

      - name: Build Release
        run: ./mvnw --batch-mode release:prepare -DreleaseVersion=${{ github.event.inputs.version }} (1)

      - name: Create Github Release
        id: create_release
        uses: actions/create-release@latest
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # This token is provided by Actions, you do not need to create your own token
        with:
          tag_name: v${{ github.event.inputs.version }}
          release_name: Release v${{ github.event.inputs.version }}
          draft: false
          prerelease: false

      - name: Upload Release Asset
        id: upload-asset
        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        with:
          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above
          asset_path: target/bonita-extension-library-${{ github.event.inputs.version }}.jar
          asset_name: bonita-extension-library-${{  github.event.inputs.version }}.jar
          asset_content_type: application/java-archive
1 We call the release:prepare goal of the maven-release-plugin to create and build a tag with the given version.

This workflow is run on demand through the GitHub web interface in the Actions tab of your repository (https://github.com/<owner>/bonita-extension-library/actions/workflows/release.yml). The released jar file will be attached to a GitHub release and you may use this GitHub release as a distribution channel for the consumers of your library.

Artifact publication: In this example we don’t setup a publication mechanism to a Maven repository. But be advised that it will be easier to share your extensions by publishing them. You have a lot of possible options like: